Class A jet

032 PerformanceChapter 5

Take-off distance — dry runway

Key fact

Regulatory take-off distance = highest of: AEO distance × 1.15, or OEI distance. 35 ft clearance in net take-off path. 15 ft screen height on wet take-off.

Distance	All engines (dry)	OEI (dry)
TODR	BRP to 35 ft × 1.15	BRP to 35 ft — greatest of
TORR	BRP to halfway VLOF–35 ft × 1.15	BRP to halfway VLOF–35 ft — greatest of
ASDR	BRP to full stop (V1 + 2 s), reverse inop	BRP to full stop (VEF + 2 s) — greatest of

Key fact

Wet runway (reverse OK): ASDR = greatest of all four distances (AEO and OEI, wet criteria). Wet TODR/TORR use 15 ft screen height.

VR and V2 minimums

Definition — VR minimums

≥ V1 · ≥ 1.05 VMCA · speed such that V2 at 35 ft · VLOF ≥ 1.1 VMU (AEO) or ≥ 1.05 VMU (OEI) — 1.08 / 1.04 if geometry limited.

Definition — V2(MIN)

≥ 1.1 VMCA · ≥ 1.13 VSR (2/3-engine turboprop, turbojet without OEI stall provision) · ≥ 1.08 VSR (4+ engine turboprop, turbojet with OEI stall provision).

Exam trap

VMCA limiting at high air density, large flap angles, low weights. VMU limiting in opposite conditions. V2 decreases with higher flaps if not VMCA-limited.

Four take-off climb segments

Segment	Ends	Thrust	Speed	Min CG (2 eng)
1	Gear up	Take-off	V2	Positive
2	≥400 ft AGL, 1.2% equiv.	Take-off	V2	2.4%
3	Flaps up, VFTO, MCT	Take-off	V2→VFTO	1.2%
4	1500 ft / obstacles clear	MCT	VFTO	Same as seg 3

Key fact

35 ft obstacle clearance throughout take-off climb. Max bank: 0° below 50 ft · 15° to 400 ft · 25° above 400 ft. No bank permitted below 50 ft / ½ wingspan on segment requirements.

OEI climb gradient requirements (gears/flaps)

Engines	2nd segment	3rd/4th segment
2	2.4%	1.2%
3	2.7%	1.5%
4	3.0%	1.7%

Key fact

Segment 2: gear up, flaps T/O, V2 + 10 kt, max 15° AoB. Segment 3: gear up, flaps retracting, accelerating. Segment 4: gear up, flaps up, max continuous thrust at final segment speed.

Net vs gross climb path

Key fact

2-engine net = gross × 0.8% · 3-engine = gross × 0.9% · 4-engine = gross × 1.0%. Gross gradient requirements: 2 eng ≥0%, 3 eng ≥0.3%, 4 eng ≥0.5% at screen height.

Obstacle accountability area

Formula — Clearance width (D = distance from end of TODA)

Wingspan ≤ 60 m:  60 m + ½ wingspan + 0.125D
Wingspan > 60 m:  90 m + 0.125D

Parallel sector stop distance: good vis 300 m · poor vis/track change 600 m · poor vis and track change 900 m.

Landing — Class A

Key fact

VREF ≥ 1.23 VSR0 · normal approach speed ≤ 1.4 VSR. Turbojet: LDR × 1.67 (60% of runway). Turboprop: LDR × 1.43 (70% of runway). Wet: × 1.15 (may be less per Flight Manual).

Key fact

Landing climb (AEO, landing flap, gear down): min 3.2% CG at aerodrome conditions; climb speed ≥ 1.23 VSR and ≥ VMCL.

Key fact

Discontinued approach climb (OEI, approach flap, gear up): min 2.1% (2 eng) · 2.4% (3 eng) · 2.7% (4 eng).

Contaminated runway (Class A)

Key fact

25% of runway covered by 3 mm water equivalent (slush, loose/compact snow, ice). Max crosswind 10 kt. Compact snow and ice increase ASDR only among distance types.

Braking action coefficients

Coefficient	Braking action
≥ 0.4	Good
0.35–0.30	Medium
≤ 0.25	Poor
9	Unreliable

VMCG

Key fact

Determined without nose-wheel steering (simulates wet). Does not account for crosswind. Engine thrust and rudder deflection most important. V1 ≥ VMCG can be forced by increasing V1.