Key numbers

010 Air LawChapter 8

ICAO & publications

Item	Value
ICAO Council ANC members	19
ICAO President term	3 years
Chicago Convention denunciation	6 months
AIRAC advance notice	42 days
AIRAC effective at recipients	28 days
AIP supplement “long duration”	>3 months
D/R/P area ID reuse	1 year

Rules of the air

Item	Value
ATZ/CTR VMC ceiling	1500 ft
ATZ/CTR visibility	5 km
VFR congested area clearance	1000 ft
VFR elsewhere clearance	500 ft
Low flying (600 m rule)	1000 ft
Low flying (surface rule)	500 ft
IFR terrain clearance (normal)	1000 ft / 8 km
IFR terrain clearance (mountainous)	2000 ft / 8 km
Transition altitude minimum	3000 ft
Overtaking arc	70° stern
Registration mark (wings)	50 cm
Registration mark (fuselage)	30 cm

Separation & wake

Item	Value
Vertical separation (below FL290)	1000 ft
Vertical separation (FL290+)	2000 ft (non-RVSM)
RVSM band	FL290–FL410
Same direction horizontal	5 NM
Heavy MTOW threshold	136 000 kg
Medium MTOW range	7 000–136 000 kg
Light MTOW	≤7 000 kg

SSR codes

Code	Meaning
7500	Hijack
7600	Radio failure
7700	Emergency

Flight plans

Item	Value
FPL submission (typical)	60 min before
Delay notification	>30 min
RPL validity advance	≥24 hours

Holding

Item	Value
Leg time ≤14 000 ft	1 min
Leg time ≥14 000 ft	1.5 min
Max speed ≤14 000 ft	230 kt
Max speed 14–20 000 ft	240 kt
Max speed 20–34 000 ft	265 kt
Max speed >34 000 ft	M0.83
Direct entry sector	±70° outbound

Licensing ages

Licence	Min age
PPL(A)	17
CPL(A) / IR	18
ATPL(A)	21

Medical validity (Class 1, under 40)

Item	Value
Class 1 (under 40)	12 months
Class 1 (40+) single-pilot	6 months
Class 2 (under 40)	60 months
Language Level 4 renewal	4 years

ELT frequencies

Frequency	Use
121.5 MHz	Homing
406 MHz	Satellite alert

SNOWTAM

Item	Value
Validity	24 hours